Journal: Journal of Neurotrauma
Article Title: Environmental Enrichment Mitigates Deficits after Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
doi: 10.1089/neu.2016.4823
Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of calpain-1 and p-CaMKII. Expression of calpain-1 and phosphorylated CaMKII were analyzed by western blot. (A) Representative images of calpain-1, p-CaMKII, and β-actin. (3d: 3 days after last injury; 5w: 5 weeks after last injury). (B) Semiquantitative analysis of calpain-1 3 days after injury. (C) Semi quantitative analysis of calpain-1 5 weeks after injury (*p < 0.05, NC-TBI vs. NC sham; #p < 0.05, NC-TBI vs. EE-TBI). (D) Semiquantitative analysis of p-CaMKII 3 days after injury and (E) semiquantitative analysis of p-CaMKII, 5 weeks after injury, using densitometry. β-actin was used as the control. Relative expression of each molecule was compared to β-actin expression (#p < 0.05, NC-TBI vs. EE-TBI; **p < 0.01, NC-TBI vs. NC-sham). (E) There was no significant difference in p-CaMKII expression in the cortex and hippocampus between each group, 5 weeks after last injury. EE, environmental enrichment; NC, normal condition; p-CaMKII, phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; TBI, repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.
Article Snippet: After blocking, proteins were incubated overnight at 4°C with antibodies targeting proteins glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1; 1: 1000; Cell Signaling Technology, Boston, MA), phosphorylated GluR1 (p-GluR1; [s845]; 1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology), p-GluR1 (s831; 1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, MA), β-actin (1:5000; Abcam), nuclear receptor 1 (NR1; 1:1000; Abcam), N-methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 2A (NR2A; 1:1000; Millipore, Billerica, MA), NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B; 1:1000; Abcam), amyloid precursor protein (APP; 1:1000; Millipore), phosphorylated Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII; 1:2000; Cell signaling Technology), calpain-1 (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95; 1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology), and sodium potassium ATPaes (Na/K-ATPase; 1:1000; Millipore).
Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot